what can fry if u make a short circuit?

[sjef200sxTurbo]

Okey so I know its stupid to not fully disconnect the battery when i wanna swap the alternator, but it kinda made contact for a second.
Had the same problem with a s13 but they have a 75A main fuse.
The S12 doesnt seem to have one.

Had some strange problems since,
first the starter didnt seem to have power, this fixed itself.Now it doest fire up anymore, the starter got power now and theres a spark from the coil (so its probably not the distributor witch i had to replace a couple of weeks ago cause it wasnt giving a signal to the ignition)
Sometimes it seems to fire up the first spark but then dies imediatly.

Can I have fried something since the S12 doesnt have a main fuse?